Does Martial Status Affect Happiness - 1039 Words

Running head: DOES MARTIAL STATUS AFFECT HAPPINESS 1 Are Married Couples Happier than Unmarried Individuals? Linda A. Jones Norfolk State University DOES MARTIAL STATUS AFFECT HAPPINESS 2 Abstract One of the aspects of happiness and well-being is forming a close bond with others. As human beings we must have a sense of belonging and we need form tight knit bonds with others in order to be psychologically healthy. One of those close†¦show more content†¦Studies that focused on an individual’s physical well-being, found that married individuals have the lowest morbidity and mortality rates than individuals who were not married. Similar to findings on physical well-being, findings based on studies of psychological well-being discovered that married individuals experience better mental health than unmarried persons. Studies that used avowed happiness to assess an individual’s subjective well-being discovered that married people were happier than never-married, separated, divorced, and widowed persons (Bradburn 1969). Bradburn (1969) found that a large percentage of married people reported that they were very happy than those who were never-married, separate d, divorced, and widowed. After the married individual’s report, the second highest happiness report came from individuals who never-married. They reported that they were very happy than separated, divorced, and widowed persons. In concurrence with Bradburn (1969), Gove, Hughes, and Style (1983) found that married persons were happier than all classes of unmarried persons. The next happiness group was never-married persons who reported the next highest level of happiness, followed by widowed and divorced

Abortion Legal Or Illegal - 953 Words

Abortion: Legal or Illegal? To this day, the debate on whether or not abortion should be legal continues to divide Americans. The name of this article is, â€Å"Should Abortion be Legal?† written by ProCon.org. Pro-choice and pro-life are the two opposing sides. Pro-choice is the pro-abortion group, and pro-life is the anti-abortion group. The two sides disagree about whether the rights of the woman or the fetus are more important, and they also disagree about the impacts on women’s health and on society and crime rates. The first state to criminalize abortion was Connecticut, in the year of 1821. It banned any type of sales of the abortion-inducing poison to women. However, the women who took the poison were never penalized. Penalization for the women began in 1845 when New York disapproved a women’s cooperation in her abortion. In the early 1900s most states have banned abortion, and by 1965, all 50 states prohibited abortion. On January 22, 1973 a trial by the name of Roe v. Wade, was held and stated most state abortion laws to be unlawful. In 1976, a bill was passed by Congress, alongside an amendment, known as the â€Å"Hyde Amendment,† to end medical funding for abortions. The topic of abortion rose up in 2010 US Congress health care debate. From the Roe v. Wade case through the year of 2005, more than 45 million legal abortions were conducted; making it an average of about 1.3 million abortions per year. Studies show that one out of five pregnancies end in abortion. WomenShow Mor eRelatedAbortion : Legal Or Illegal?2675 Words   |  11 PagesMichael Paladino English â€Å"Abortion: Legal or Illegal?† Prior to the famous Roe vs. Wade case in 1973, abortion was legal in 20 states and illegal in the remaining 30. After the case, the Supreme Court decided to legalize abortion. By definition, abortion is â€Å"the termination of a pregnancy after, accompanied by, resulting in, or closely followed by the death of the embryo or fetus.† Other terminology, such as pro-life, is defined as â€Å"opposed to abortion,† while pro-choice is â€Å"believing that pregnantRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal Or Illegal?875 Words   |  4 Pages The question is should abortion be legal or illegal? I am against the thought abortion and the action of it being done. Abortion has been around for multiple decades and it is one of many debated topics around the US. Abortion is defined as â€Å"the termination of a pregnancy after, accompanied by, resulting in, or closely followed by the death of the embryo or fetus (Marian Webster) No one has ever questioned a woman on why she wants this procedure done. At some point of time people began to thinkRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal Or Illegal?939 Words   |  4 Pagesissues is abortion. Abortion has been around at almost every point in American history. Consequently, since the Supreme Court decision of Roe v. Wade there have been approximately 57,762,169 abortions in America (â€Å"Are You†). This raises the question of should abortion be legal or illegal, and is this immoral or moral to do? The decision to have an abortion can be a difficult time in a woman’s life, but is not a moral way to end a pregnancy. Abortion in the United States should be illegal because ofRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal Or Illegal? Essay1885 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Abortion is a debatable question that has been argued over a long period of time. The controversy of abortion has caused or may cause deaths and several violent conflicts between, should abortion be legal or illegal. Abortion is one of the most common medical procedures performed worldwide also known as elective termination of pregnancy (History,2016). Abortion is the destruction of the fetus or unborn child while the child is still in the mother’s womb. This procedure can be doneRead MoreAbortion Should Be Legal Or Illegal1859 Words   |  8 PagesAbortions are not an easy topic to discuss, ,many think it is competley unethical while others agree that it should be the mother’s choice on what she wants to do. However, these were thoughts on the early pregnancy stage. Doctors now have been giving abortions in the late pregnancy stages as well as the early stages. â€Å"Late-term abortion refers to the termination of a pregnancy during its more advanced stages† (Bellaro). If only the debate on whether abortion should be legal or illegal was as easilyRead MoreAbortion Should Be Legal Or Illegal1848 Words   |  8 PagesAbortions are not an easy topic to discuss, many think it is completely unethical while others agree that it should be the mother’s choice on what she wants to do. However, these were thoughts on the early pregnancy stage. Doctors now have been giving abortions in the late pregnancy stages as well as the early stages. â€Å"Late-term abortion refers to the termination of a pregnancy during its more advanced stages† (Ballaro). If only the debate on whether abortion should be legal or illegal was as easilyRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal Or Illegal?1940 Words   |  8 PagesIn America, the argument about whether abortion should be legal or illegal has last for more a century. Abortion was illegal since late 1800s. However, after U.S. Supreme Court’s landmark decision in Roe v. Wade in 1973, abortion be came legal in America (Shaw Lee, 2015). Sadly, the controversy about whether abortion should be allowed wasn’t eliminated but intensified at some degree since 1973. For example, strong oppositions against abortion still remain after Supreme Court’s decision. Many statesRead MoreAbortion Should Not Be Legal Essay1596 Words   |  7 Pages Abortions have been performed on women for thousands of years. Abortion is the deliberate termination of a human pregnancy. Most often it is performed during the first 20 weeks of being pregnant. The controversy over whether or not abortion should be legal continues to divide Americans till this day. An important landmark case was the Roe v. Wade case, where the Court argued that the zone of privacy was broad enough to encompass a woman s decision whether or not to terminateRead MoreThe History of Abortion764 Words   |  4 PagesAbortion is a medical practice to terminate a womans pregnancy in the first 3 months. The history of abortion starts father before the pinnacle case of Roe v Wade in 1973. The supreme court made it legal to get an abortion and this is seen as an important turning point for the american health care policies for women. Before this court case to render it legal it had been performed for thousands of years and in every society known. It was le gal when settlers first came to the united states beforeRead MoreAbortion Should Remain Legal Essay671 Words   |  3 Pagesan illegal abortion by an untrained surgeon. Many have said that abortion is a crime against humanity, taking away the innocent lives of unborn children. Though, the real crime would be to rob women of their rights and well-being. Abortions should stay legal because the absence of legal abortions will mean rise in dangerous illegal abortions, abortions are a woman’s right, and motherhood has a negative effect on women who aren’t ready. If abortions are banned, it will only provoke illegal abortions

Pillars Of Society Monologue Essay Paper Example For Students

Pillars Of Society Monologue Essay Paper A monologue from the play by Henrik Ibsen NOTE: This monologue is reprinted from The Collected Works of Henrik Ibsen, vol. vi: The League of Youth/Pillars of Society. Ed. William Archer. New York: Charles Scribner\s Sons, 1912. BERNICK: I find I can talk to you as I can to no one else; I shall conceal nothing from you. I had my share in spreading the rumour. You must not condemn me without remembering how matters stood at the time. As I told you yesterday, I came home to find my mother involved in a whole series of foolish undertakings. Disasters of various kinds followed; all possible ill-luck seemed to crowd upon us; our house was on the verge of ruin. I was half reckless and half in despair. Lona, I believe it was principally to deaden thought that I got into that entanglement which ended in Johan\s going away. You can easily imagine that there were all sorts of rumours in the air after you two had left. It was said that this was not his first misdemeanour. Some said Dorf had received a large sum of money from him to hold his tongue and keep out of the way; others declared she had got the money. At the same time it got abroad that our house had difficulty in meeting its engagements. What more natural tha n that the scandal-mongers should put these two rumours together? Then, as Madam Dorf remained here in unmistakable poverty, people began to say that he had taken the money with him to America; and rumour made the sum larger and larger every day. I clutched at the rumour as a drowning man clutches at straw. I did not contradict it. Our creditors were beginning to press us; I had to quiet themto prevent them from doubting the solidity of the firm. I let it be thought that a momentary misfortune had befallen us, but that if people only refrained from pressing usif they would only give us timeevery one should be paid in full. And every one was paid in full. Yes, Lona; that rumour saved our house and made me the man I am. A lie yes but whom did it hurt, then? Johan intended never to return. Look into any man you please, and you will find at least one dark spot that must be kept out of sight.

Its the journey not the destination that matters Essay Example For Students

Its the journey not the destination that matters Essay For we are bound where mariners have not yet dared to go And we will risk our ship, ourselves and all 1 We as humans are faced each day with journeys of endless variety. One may undergo a physical expedition, for example, which involves the geographical movement from one place to another. Or one may experience an emotional and internal evolution as the result of a social incident. But encompassing all journeys with its invisible bounds is our immeasurable capacity to imagine, to aspire for great possibilities and to discover. Our physical and inner pursuits are only fueled by our speculations, the thrill we anticipate from risking our ships and plunging into the unknown. In our visionary voyages the destination is often unforeseen and indefinite, but the journey is inevitable. On this basis the composers of the texts On Giants Shoulders, The Ivory Trail cover illustration and the film Cast Away, attempt to create, using their own inventiveness, imaginative journeys that will draw out the creative abilities of their audiences. On Giants Shoulders is a piece of imaginative non-fictional writing by Melvyn Bragg. The book essentially transports its readers through a metaphysical journey against time, created by Braggs own concise explorations and excerpts from his interviews with contemporary science historians, into the lives of twelve giants of the scientific world. While reading the book, the reader is able to picture the social circumstances that surrounded each scientist during their lifetime and, from those, determine what encouraged or discouraged them from their works. Bragg discusses both the personal journey of each scientist and the significance of the discoveries they arrived at. In science, many of the theories established by scientists are arbitrary. Theories proposed by astounding scientific minds are vigorously being questioned, modified or overthrown to ensure consistent progress and upgrading. No one can truly estimate how many of natures algorithms man has unraveled overtime and nobody can predict how much knowledge scientists have left to acquire, but most can measure the magnitude of the impact each leading scientist has had on the history, nature and practice of science. For this reason, the hypotheses and procedures used by researchers are much valued. What questions were asked by a genius and what experiments were conducted by him is as useful as his discoveries. Einsteins physics, for example, can only be applied to near-light-speed situations, but mankind will forever marvel over his awe-inspiring ingenuity and originality, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦it is the general theory of relativityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦which is all wonderful, wonderful stuff and of course c ompletely useless. I mean, no one has ever found a practical use for the general theory of relativity yet. 2 Similarly, Michael Faraday was another exceptional philosopher, who was recognised for his passionate popularisation of science within the broader community. His story proves that to be a genius of science, one does not necessarily have to begin with a background of academic brilliance, He was a bookbinderà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦He left school at about thirteenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ 3 For we are bound where mariners have not yet dared to go And we will risk our ship, ourselves and all 1 We as humans are faced each day with journeys of endless variety. One may undergo a physical expedition, for example, which involves the geographical movement from one place to another. Or one may experience an emotional and internal evolution as the result of a social incident. But encompassing all journeys with its invisible bounds is our immeasurable capacity to imagine, to aspire for great possibilities and to discover. Our physical and inner pursuits are only fueled by our speculations, the thrill we anticipate from risking our ships and plunging into the unknown. In our visionary voyages the destination is often unforeseen and indefinite, but the journey is inevitable. On this basis the composers of the texts On Giants Shoulders, The Ivory Trail cover illustration and the film Cast Away, attempt to create, using their own inventiveness, imaginative journeys that will draw out the creative abilities of their audiences. On Giants Shoulders is a piece of imaginative non-fictional writing by Melvyn Bragg. The book essentially transports its readers through a metaphysical journey against time, created by Braggs own concise explorations and excerpts from his interviews with contemporary science historians, into the lives of twelve giants of the scientific world. While reading the book, the reader is able to picture the social circumstances that surrounded each scientist during their lifetime and, from those, determine what encouraged or discouraged them from their works. Bragg discusses both the personal journey of each scientist and the significance of the discoveries they arrived at. In science, many of the theories established by scientists are arbitrary. Theories proposed by astounding scientific minds are vigorously being questioned, modified or overthrown to ensure consistent progress and upgrading. No one can truly estimate how many of natures algorithms man has unraveled overtime and nobody can predict how much knowledge scientists have left to acquire, but most can measure the magnitude of the impact each leading scientist has had on the history, nature and practice of science. For this reason, the hypotheses and procedures used by researchers are much valued. What questions were asked by a genius and what experiments were conducted by him is as useful as his discoveries. Einsteins physics, for example, can only be applied to near-light-speed situations, but mankind will forever marvel over his awe-inspiring ingenuity and originality, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦it is the general theory of relativityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦which is all wonderful, wonderful stuff and of course c ompletely useless. I mean, no one has ever found a practical use for the general theory of relativity yet. 2 Would Elizabeth have been right to feel flattered by those characters The Faerie Queene that have been read as images of her? EssayLeft of the pyramid stands the eerie black silhouettes of multiple domed prayer towers. A magma-yellow sun peaks from behind them, shedding a bleak light which inundates the sky. The sun and the sandy desert are both symbolic of time passing, as sand is the universally known constituent of hour-glasses, time measuring devices, and as a rising or setting sun marks the beginning or end of daylight. From these symbols the viewer can expect the novels storyline to extend over a considerable period of time, suggesting the process of reaching the goal is the longer and more significant part of the book. The peak of the pyramid and the towers lead to the topmost quote Not all journeys have an ending 14. The absence of a full-stop at the quotes end cleverly stresses its proposed message about particular endeavours having no conclusion, or in other words, a full stop. This notion is further accentuated by the boys eyes gazing upwards, presumably at the sky, almost longingly. It represents how often human goals can be unreachable like the sky. Warm reds, oranges and yellows are used throughout the cover to represent the enthusiasm and fervent emotions felt at different stages of every trip. These combined with sinister purples and blacks create a sense of mystery, unforeseen peril and dread, which too portrays the destination as difficult to reach. The viewer is unable to visualise a clear ending, but the journey involved is vividly portrayed by the cover. Cast away is a poignant film  directed by Robert Zemeckis. The film is centered on the leading character, Chuck Noland, played by Tom Hanks. At the beginning of the movie, Chuck is depicted as the time-driven systems engineer of a fast delivering company called FedEx, whose personality lacked innovation, as his job was heavily dependent on punctuality and efficiency. The complication in the films storyline began when Chuck found himself on an emergency Christmas night work mission on a FedEx aeroplane, away from his girlfriend, Kelly, who he had promised to reunite with on New Years. The plane flies into a fierce storm and crashes. With the other members of the crew lost or dead Chuck survives, drifting on a safety boat in the ocean. Eventually he becomes chucked onto a deserted island, alone with nothing but himself, his boat and a few washed up FedEx boxes. With these he begins his personal journey of survival enabled by his new-found resourcefulness and optimism. With no one to accompany him and, ironically, with so much time on hand, Chuck began to devise various strategies that could help him survive on the island and later take him to Kelly. The photo he had of Kelly in the gift watch she gave him provoked his labours, as a constant spiritual reminder of her existence. From the recovered FedEx parcels he gained a pair of ice skating shoes and a ball. He used the blades of the skates to cut coconuts and as mirrors. This reflected that at times of great need; even the sanest man is capable of bizarre actions. While making fire, Chuck unintentionally sliced his palm with a sharp stick. Screaming, he grabbed the ball and hurled it aside, painting it with his blood. Later he drew a face on the bloody ball and named it Wilson, his make-believe friend. With Wilson by his side, Chuck was able to make fire, which he claimed he created, Chuck: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Its a signal fire. It spells SOS. Look what I have created! I have made fire! 15 Wilson represented the scope of Chucks desperate imaginations in isolation. It was merely an unresponsive object for which both the audience and Chuck develop attachments. By discussing his plans with Wilson, Chuck could internally assess his ideas. For example, Wilson turned Chuck against committing suicide and persuaded him to build a raft. It was his partner, who he feared to lose. This was evidenced by Chucks sad lamentations after losing Wilson near the films climax. Upon returning home, Chuck was informed of Kellys marriage. For the five years Chuck was away, he had forgotten how quickly time had passed and how things had changed. Nevertheless, Chuck valued his journey and the motivations he experienced there above all, Chuck: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ive lost her Kelly all over again. But Im so grateful that she was with me on that island. 16 Chuck is shown sleeping on the floor at home despite having a bed, which suggested he had grown accustomed to resting on hard surfaces  at the island. It demonstrated the impressions the adventure had left on him. The films final scene places Chuck on a long sandy road, which implies his life had not ended, there was more to come. If life was used as an analogy for a journey, then its destination is clearly death. If such a grim destination awaits all, why do humans toil incessantly for appreciation, for love and for relationships if death is the definitive reality? They do it for the experience, the challenges. We value life as its end is painful. In other words, we value the journey.

The Norton Anthology literary terms Flashcard

The Norton Anthology literary terms

The eNotes Blog Happy 87th Birthday, HarperLee!

Happy 87th Birthday, HarperLee! Last night, I found my sixteen-year-old daughter in bed   a full hour early. In her hands was Harper Lees classic novel  To Kill a Mockingbird. I want to see what is happening with Scout. Im worried about her, she explained. My daughter, like millions of other readers, has become enthralled by the coming-of-age story of Scout Finch as she navigates the racially-charged world of Alabama in the 1930s. Yesterday, April 28, 2013, marked the 87th birthday of Harper Lee, the novels author.  To Kill a Mockingbird  was immediately popular and has sold more than 30 million copies worldwide. It was an instant critical success as well, winning the Pulitzer Prize in 1961. In 2008, Londons  The Telegraph  named  To Kill a Mockingbird  the greatest novel of all time. The novel, Lees only published work, may not have ever been.   She was struggling to make ends meet in New York, working as a ticket agent for Eastern Airlines. While in the city, she became friends with the composer and lyricist Michael Brown  and his wife, Joy. The three became very close. In December, the Browns gave Lee an astonishing gift: a years salary with a note that read, You have one year off from your job to write whatever you please. Merry Christmas. Within a year, Lee had completed the first draft of   Mockingbird.   Hot on the heels of Lees Pulitzer was the film being made of her work. The movie was released in 1962 starring Gregory Peck as Atticus Finch.  To Kill a Mockingbird  won three Oscars and was nominated for five more.  In 2003, AFI named Atticus Finch the greatest movie hero of the 20th century. Want more? How about some trivia?! Five Quotes from To Kill a Mockingbird Atticus told me to delete the adjectives and I’d have the facts. I wanted you to see what real courage is, instead of getting the idea that courage is a man with a gun in his hand. It’s when you know you’re licked before you begin but you begin anyway and you see it through no matter what. Before I can live with other folks I’ve got to live with myself. Mockingbirds don’t do one thing but make music for us to enjoy. They don’t eat up people’s gardens, don’t nest in corncribs, they don’t do one thing but sing their hearts out for us. That’s why it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird. You really never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view†¦until you climb into his skin and walk around in it. Seven Quotes: On Reading Writing More than a simple matter of putting down words, writing is a process of self-discipline you must learn before you can call yourself a writer. There are people who write, but I think they’re quite different from people who must write. There’s no substitute for the love of language, for the beauty of an English sentence. There’s no substitute for struggling, if a struggle is needed, to make an English sentence as beautiful as it should be. I would advise anyone who aspires to a writing career, that before developing his talent he would be wise to develop a thick hide. Any writer worth his salt writes to please himself†¦It’s a self-exploratory operation that is endless. An exorcism of not necessarily his demon, but of his divine discontent. It was like being hit over the head and knocked cold. I didn’t expect the book to sell in the first place. I was hoping for a quick and merciful death at the hands of reviewers but at the same time I sort of hoped that maybe someone would like it enough to give me encouragement. Public encouragement. I hoped for a little, as I said, but I got rather a whole lot, and in some ways this was just about as frightening as the quick, merciful death I’d expected. Now, 75 years later in an abundant society where people have laptops, cell phones, iPods, and minds like empty rooms, I still plod along with books. Instant information is not for me. I prefer to search library stacks because when I work to learn something, I remember it. You must come to terms with yourself about your writing. You must not write ‘for’ something; you must not write with definite hopes of reward. (Source). Still want more Test your knowledge of Harper Lee or her classic novel!   Take our fun, interactive quizzes! To Kill a Mockingbird Quiz   Harper Lee Quiz

Management accounting and control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Management accounting and control - Essay Example It acts as a plan developed by experts from within the organization or belonging to external agencies, private or governmental. These professionals make forecasts based on assumptions related to the prices of goods produced, costs of production, wages of labour, level of demand in the market and several other variables. These assumptions are then distributed in the form of a budget to the various departments from the head office. The employees in these departments then infer the status of their respective departments and figure out the ways of action depending on their level of knowledge about the market. Therefore in effect the budget comes true only to the extent up to which the specific departments make accurate assumptions regarding their own operations and also the condition of the market. The moral of this entire process lies in the advice lent out to the different departments that they must try and act in a little more efficient way and that they should be selling more amounts of the products in the coming years (Wallander, 1999). This context is good enough to prove redundancy of the intricate system of budgeting in organizations. The management can also do it without taking refuge under complicated assumptions but rather check at regular intervals that the departments are following the advice. In this paper we shall look into the issue that the process of budgeting is no longer a relevant system for running an organization successfully and that it has been termed by a most well known Swedish author as â€Å"an unnecessary evil† (Chapman, Hopwood and Shields, 2009). Considerable amount of debate has arisen regarding the necessity of budgets in business organizations. The process of preparing an annual budget embodies a lengthy process incurring huge expenses. Thus as Hope and Fraser calls it, the system of budgeting is quite cumbersome and is

Contemporary Issues In World Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Contemporary Issues In World Politics - Essay Example On the other hand, importing leads to the development of dependency of the receiving nation on foreign countries. It also leads to a reduction in national reserves thereby contributing to inflation. Moreover, local businesses as well as the labor market are threatened. On the other hand, the importing nation may experience security concerns especially with regards to high tech military hardware. These are addressed through ensuring that the imports are sourced from a trusted source to guarantee security. The decision to import or export is an economic development that influences the political interest of a nation state (Oatley, 2011). Nations react to influences that may have an impact on the military and economic strengths through export controls. A nation may resort to control its exports despite having the capacity to maintain an excessive export surplus over imports. Maintaining high export surplus may be interpreted by the recipient nation states as an aggressive policy that may have an impact on economic and military security hence the need to establish defensive mechanism for the purpose of safeguarding the security interests of the targeted nation for export. Trade affairs between nation states are therefore viewed cautiously in a political perspective (Sachs, 2006). Permission for imports from particular nations and not others is one of the tools that are applied in the establishment of the foreign policy of many nation states. It is applied to persuade governments to adhere to certain agreements that are meant to protect the interests of other nation states. For example, trade embargos have been enforced on countries such as Iraq by the US during the Saddam... This pressure is meant to protect the political and economic interests of the US that have often been threatened by global terrorism. The European Union countries also engaged in an economic agreement of adopting the Euro as their single currency, which would help to maintain economic stability. The treaty was politicized by the fact that its main aim was to bind the Cold War Alliance partners EU. For example, the agreement would prevent Germany from realigning itself with East and Central Europe. Generally, as Oatley observes, economic agreements generate political responsibilities that are prone to political exploitation. The global political economy is manifest through international trade and international relations. Exports increase the economic well being of the exporting country but a high export surplus may be viewed by other nation states as an aggressive policy that may not promote friendly international relations. Treaties such as NAFTA, WTO, and COMESA have been significan t in promoting international trade. Regional alliances among nation states present various economic and political challenges including a decline in democratic space. Nations that get financial assistance from these organizations are compelled to pass laws that serve the economic and political interest of the dominant economies that are involved in the management of the institutions. Generally, recourse to the global political economy is important in understanding world politics as presented in this paper.

How does new technology affect education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

How does new technology affect education - Essay Example Currently, the education sector is experiencing a rapid transition whereby different disciplines are embracing Tablet PCs as well as similar pen-based gadgets. This is to enhance both teaching and learning processes, which is contrary to the past whereby their respective modes encompassed physical interaction between the student and tutors. Evidence of the emerging impact of new technological knowhow was quite evident in 5Th workshop held in Virginia in 2010. This was through varied presentations by different intellectuals whose information comprises this book. For the past eight decades in 20Th period before 1980s, educated worker’s curve depicted an upward trend. However, the demand for them was not that high as compared to the current state, which is the contrary. Due to high education before 1980s, this prompted to the emergency of numerous people who were well off, hence becoming the richest region globally. However, that trend currently has ceased whereby due to the rapid technological change states are facing the shortage of skilled labour force. Introducing technological knowhow to children is of great importance in ensuring they are ready to tackle other varied aspects during their education. This is especially in tackling varied subjects as well as doing researches at a later period, which is more beneficial compared to when they learn of using technology later. However, this takes the effort of well trained tutors in the mode of implementing technology as per the children or student’s capability, which Casey outline in this book. Implementing in this case encompasses considering 90 activities, which Casey advocates in this research for each child starting from as early as three years. The source offers detailed information meant to equip any learning person with necessary studying and leadership skills. The former skills encompass confidence, creativity and being able to navigate the constantly evolving environment due to emergent

Reflective Essay on the US Healthcare System

Reflective Essay on the US Healthcare System What is right with the U.S. Health Care System Marina Bukhrashvili The national strategy presented in The Affordable Care Act (ACA) seeks to fund prevention and public health. This is an important goal in our nation’s health care system. Prevention services, which include wellness, research, health screening, educational campaigns for preventive benefits and immunization programs, may have a positive effect on decreasing health care costs. To me, this first mandatory fund, also known as the Prevention and Public Health Fund (PPHF), is very important since as I am planning a career path that involves public health and the health of the community. Seventy-six percent of the U.S. health care expenditure are spent on treating preventable chronic diseases (The Hasting Center, 2010). By law, the Prevention Public Health Fund must be used to provide for expanded and sustained national investment in prevention and public health programs to improve health and help restrain the rate of growth in private and public health care costs. (American Public Health Association, 2010). I work in a skilled nursing facility which provides acute rehabilitation services to an elderly population following hospitalization. During an intake interview last winter, I asked an 82 year old female about her immunization history and she reported that â€Å"she never took a flu shot in her life.† And she doesn’t remember ever taking any type of vaccinations. She said that she was afraid that a vaccination would infect her and make her sick and that her sister â€Å"got sick from the flu vaccine.† It has been my experience that a great majority of our patients receive important immunizations for the first time during their stay at our facility. This finding is in line with research that shows that less than 50 percent of adults’ age 65 years or older were up-to-date with immunizations regardless of regular checkups (Department of Human Health Services, 2010). This is the case even though these services are paid for by almost all insurance plans, includ ing Medicare and Medicaid, according to the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) (2011). Based on this experience, I feel that the PPHF maybe providing the necessary resources to promote the health of communities and contain health care costs that would arise from treating acute infections. Even though influenza and pneumonia are the fifth major causes of deaths in the country (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013), the immunization rates are still moderate. Despite all efforts to control health care across, racial, gender and age, the differences in influenza coverage persist. As the focus of health care shifts from post-diagnostic treatment to preventive medicine, making immunizations a part of every person’s health care plan is an essential first step in achieving this goal. Doctors’ offices that treat adult population seem to be a good choice for promoting vaccination but this strategy is not effective in increasing immunization rates for adults since most physicians have busy practices which mainly focus on treating acute illness versus seeing healthy patients for preventive medicine. In addition, according to Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (2009), the leading causes for low immunization rates in the last few years were the high cost of screening, insufficient funds to cover the co-payment or deductibles; lack of knowledge of what health insurance would cover; and lack of health insurance. In addition, many older adults may not have a regular doctor or do not go for a check up on a regular basis. The prohibitive cost was addressed for Medicare beneficiaries by the ACA (2010) to some extent, which broadens the Medicare coverage for preventive services suggested by the USPSTF and eliminates out-of-pocket costs. There is no payment for influenza, pneumococcal and hepatitis B vaccines (Cassidy 2010). Although compliance with influenza vaccination has increased dramatically after Medicare began paying for influenza vaccines for the nation’s older and disabled population and after health reform in 2010, the proportion of older persons receiving this vaccine is still considerably low in elderly populations (CDC, 2013). According to the research (Eurich et al., 2008) some patients benefited from receiving influenza vaccination before they were hospitalized for pneumonia. As a result of passage of Affordable Care Act, most health insurance now covers co-payments for recommended clinical preventive services, which reduces financial cost to beneficiaries, however, the challenge remains to make older adults aware of the value of preventive services and encourage them to get the services they need. All efforts should be made to expand awareness in the community about clinical preventive services and benefits. . Nurses could send reminders to the health care providers to notify patients when the vaccinations are due. Such reminders could be issued on seasonal basis to educate patients about importance about vaccinations during patient encounters such as the registration interview. Educational Seminars can be conducted across various community centers before immunization season begins. Interactions focusing on different ethnic groups may help to find and address their misconceptions about immunizations, if there are any. Nurses will play a key part in the f ulfillment of the mandate of ACA and their expending scope of practice is already shaping the future of healthcare. References Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. National Healthcare Disparities Report 2008. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2009. Available at: www.ahrq.gov/qual/nhdr08/nhdr08.pdf American Public Health Association (2010). Prevention of Public Health Fund. Available at: www.apha.org/advocacy/Health+Reform/PH+Fund/ Cassidy 2010: Cassidy A., Health Affairs and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. Health Policy Brief: Preventive Services Without Cost Sharing, Health Affairs, December 28, 2010. Available at: www.healthaffairs.org/healthpolicybriefs/brief.php?brief_id=37 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The State of Aging and Health in America 2013. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Dept of Health and Human Services; 2013. Department of Health and Human Services. Healthy People 2020, Older Adult Section, December 2010. Available at: www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/overview.aspx?topicid=31 Eurich, D. C., Marrie, T. J., J, J., M, S. R. (2008). Mortality reduction with Influenza vaccine in patients with Pneumonia outside â€Å"flu† season. American Journal of Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, 178, 527-533 The Hasting Center. Health Care Cost Monitor. Projected Costs of Chronic Diseases, January 22, 2010. Available at: http://healthcarecostmonitor.thehastingscenter.org/kimberlyswartz/projected-costs-of- chronic-diseases/ The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. Section 4002: Prevention and Public Health Fund. 111th Congress. Enacted March 23, 2010. Available at: http://housedocs.house.gov/energycommerce/ppacacon.pdf U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. USPSTF A and B Recommendations. Available at: www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/uspsabrecs.htm

Report of Quantitative Research Essay -- Research Analysis

EL (English Learners) students are given an added challenge of succeeding in the education system do to their lack of strong English understanding and abilities. Authors Townsend, D. and Collins, P. published the findings of their research on EL students and the advantages of a specialized learning program. Over a period of several months, the researchers studied and worked with students from a middle school in southern California. At the end of the study, it was hoped that their efforts would lead to an improvement in the students who participated in the programs understanding of English vocabulary words. Research Questions/Hypotheses No specific hypothesis is noted, but the researchers do address the issues that drive the study. They state that the current study is concerned with, â€Å"applying evidence-based strategies in a new context: adolescent EL students learning general academic vocabulary words† (Townsend and Collins, 2009, p.997). The study also addresses, â€Å"the extent to which there is a threshold of English proficiency necessary for students to learn general academic vocabulary words† (Townsend and Collins, 2009, p. 997). These issues are addressed by the following research question: 1. Can an after-school, evidence-based academic vocabulary development intervention increase the academic vocabulary knowledge of middle school EL? 2. To what extent does English learners’ proficiency in English mediate their response to a vocabulary development intervention? It was hoped by studying a group of middle school students over a period that they would see growth in those student who participated in a program designed to add English vocabulary comprehension to their academic development would help them as EL students. T... ...s a great need to continue and accelerate the research and instructional efforts to support the academic literacy development of adolescent EL students† (p. 1015). A study that incorporates greater elements of vocabulary, reading comprehension, and time, is perceived to be needed in order to improve EL learner’s education. Townsend and Collins believe that there research can lead to much needed further research and that this can in turn help EL students achieve in a greater educational level. Works Cited Gay, L. R., Mills, G. E., & Airasian, P. (2009). Educational research: Competencies for analysis and application (9th ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Merrill (Pearson). Townsend, D. & Collins, P. (2009). Academic vocabulary and middle school English learners: An intervention study. Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 22, 993-1019.

Review of the Financial Statements of Merck and Novartis Companies

In module 2 case study I am to do the following understanding financial reports and continue to review the financial statements of Merck and Novartis to learn additional information. The emphasis of this Case is to review the income statement, balance sheet and computation of ratios. Review the financial statements for the companies and answer the following questions for the last reporting year: What components of stockholders' equity does each of the companies disclose?Merck & Company IncThe components of the stockholders equity common stock (authorized and issued), other paid-in capital, retained earnings, accumulated other comprehensive loss, and treasury stock. Novartis International Ag. The components of the stockholders equity are share capital, treasury shares, reserves, and non-controlling interest. Do the companies have preferred stock shares outstanding? If so, what special features do these shares contain? Merck & Company Inc. Merck has authorized 20,000,000 shares of pref erred stock in 2012.All preferred stock from the AMI a merger in 1998 is being converted to either cash or shares of Merck stock. Novartis International Ag. Novartis did not report any preferred stock. Do either of the companies report treasury shares? If so, do the companies disclose the reason for reacquiring the shares? Merck & Company Inc. Yes Merck reported treasury shares; they reported the purchase of treasury shares on the balance sheet in the equity section and also on the summary of common stock and treasury stock transactions.In this case no they didn’t disclose any reasons for reacquiring shares other than those from the merger. Novartis International Ag. Yes Novartis reported treasury share; No they did not disclose reasons for reacquiring shares Income Statement. What are the basic and diluted earnings per share for each company? Merck & Company Inc. Basic earnings per common stock $2. 03 Diluted earnings per common stock $2. 00 Novartis International Ag. Basic earnings per common stock $3. 93. Diluted earnings per common stock $3. 89Have the companies reported any discontinued operations? Merck & Company Inc Merck has not reported any discontinued operations Novartis International Ag. Novartis reported no discontinued operations for 2012. Do the companies disclose any stock compensation plans? If so, are they reporting such plans under the fair value or intrinsic value methods? What was the value of compensation expense measured for any outstanding stock option plans? Merck & Company Inc. Yes they are reporting under the fair value method.The value of the compensation expense measured was approximately $72 million to the holders and $4 million Merck common shares issued. Novartis International Ag. Novartis did not disclose any stock compensation plans Financial Ratios Compute the following ratios. Also, interpret and assess each group of ratios for the company. What type of story are the ratios telling the analyst? Profitability ratios: ? Gross profit margin = Gross income/sales. The gross profit margin is a financial ratio which is a measurement of a company's manufacturing and distribution efficiency during the production process.A company uses its gross income to fund such company activities as research and development and marketing, which are important for generating future sales. A prolonged decline in the gross profit margin is a red flag for possible impending negative pressure on sales and, ultimately, earnings. You need to know the trend of the company before you can make an analysis of whether or not the gross profit margin is good or not, in this case Novartis has a better gross profit than Merck. Merck & Company Inc. 8,739/47,267 = . 185 Novartis International Ag. 11,243/56,673 = . 198?Net profit margin = Net income/ sale Net profit is the profit that is generated from all phases of the business, including interest and taxes. This is the â€Å"bottom line† that garners most of the attention in dis cussions of a company’s profitability. The net profit margin (net margin) compares net income to sales. A consistently high net margin is often indicative of a company with one or more competitive advantages. Furthermore, a high net margin provides a company with a cushion during downturns in its business. In this case Novartis has a better net profit margin than Merck.Merck & Company Inc. 6,299/47,267 = . 133 Novartis International Ag. 9,618/56,673 = . 170 ? Return on stockholders' equity = net income/ shareholders equity Return on equity (ROE) is equal to a fiscal year's net income. It measures the rate of return on the ownership interest of the common stock owners and measures a company's efficiency at generating profits from every unit of shareholders' equity. Return on equity for most companies certainly should be in the double digits; investors often look for 15% or higher, while return of 20% or more is considered excellent.Neither of these companies is great for their ROE but they are close, Novartis being higher. Merck & Company Inc. 6,299/53,020 = . 119 (12%) Novartis International Ag. 9,618/69,219 = . 139 (14%) Liquidity ratios: ? Current ratio = current assets/current liabilities The current ratio is a financial ratio that measures whether or not a firm has enough resources to pay its debts over the next 12 months. While Merck is able to pay back its debt, Novartis can pay its debt more easily and have a lot left over. Merck & Company Inc 34,857/18,348 = 1. 900.Novartis International Ag:  124,216/30,946 = 4. 013 ? Quick ratio= current assets-inventory/current liabilities Generally, the quick ratio should be 1:1 or higher; however this varies widely by industry. In general, the higher the ratio is, the greater the company's liquidity (i. e. , the better able to meet current obligations using liquid assets). The quick ratio is also known as acid test ratio. Both companies have a quick ratio but Novartis has a better quick ratio than Merck. M erck & Company Inc. 34,857-7,305/18,348 = 1. 501 Novartis International Ag. 124,216-6,744/30,946 = 3. 796?Inventory turnover = COGS/Inventory The inventory turnover is a measure of the number of times inventory is sold or used in a time period such as a year. Merck & Company Inc Inventory not specified on the 10K. Novartis International Ag. 18,756/6,744 = 2. 781. Leverage ratios: ? Debt-to-assets= Total debt/total assets Debt to asset ratio is a financial ratio that indicates the percentage of a company's assets that are provided via debt. Novartis has a lower debt than Merck. Merck & Company Inc. 18,348 + 16,348 = 34,696 34,696/106,132 = . 327Novartis International Ag:  5,945/124,216 = . 048 ? Debt-to-equity= total debt/total shareholders’ equity The debt to equity ratio, usually abbreviated as D/E, is a financial ratio indicating the relative proportion of shareholders' equity and debt used to finance a company's assets. Novartis used fewer loans to finance the companyâ⠂¬â„¢s assets than Merck. Merck & Company Inc. 34,696/536,020 = . 065. Novartis International Ag. 5,945/69,219 = . 086 ? Times-covered ratio= earnings before interest and taxes/ interest Times interest earned (TIE) is a measure of a company's ability to honor its debt payments.The times interest earned ratio is also referred to as the interest coverage ratio. Merck & Company Inc. Only had a consolidated statements of income Novartis International Ag. Only had a consolidated statements of income What type of information do you find in footnotes to the financial statements? Additional information provided in a company's financial statements. Notes to the financial statements report the details and additional information that are left out of the main reporting documents, such as the balance sheet and income statement.This is done mainly for the sake of clarity because these notes can be quite long, and if they were included, they would cloud the data reported in the financial statement s. Do you find the balance sheet, income statement or other measures such as ratios the most informative? Comment on the advantages and disadvantages of using ratios for analysis. I find that the balance sheet and the income statement have the standings of how the company did per quarter but the ratios show comparison of how they did. The ratios are good because you breakdown all the big numbers and just use percentages and analysis what is important.The balance sheets show the breakdown of all the individual accounts consolidated so both are good. A disadvantage of depending on the statements are that they can mislead you indifferent ways, if you only look at the numbers and do not look at the foot notes you may make a bad decision. Bad information can also be given through the statements, although this is illegal people still do it and later on change it or say it was a mistake but you may not catch that. Ratios can also have disadvantages like if they are not computed correctly y ou may have the wrong percentages or you may have nothing to compare them to.

Savannah Cats Essays

Savannah Cats Essays Savannah Cats Paper Savannah Cats Paper A Savannah Cat is actually a hybrid between a Siamese cat and a Serval The Savannah cats name is given to the off spring of a domestic cat and several medium sized, large-eared Wild African cats. The unusual offspring became popular among breeders at the end of the 20th century, and in 2001 the I. C. A (International Cat Association) accepted it as a new registered breed. Savannahs are much more social than other breeds of cats they are often compared to dogs because of their loyalty and the fact that you can train them to walk on leashes and to do tricks. The Bengal breeder Judee Frank crossbred a male Serval belonging to Suzi Woods and a Siamese cat to produce the first Savannah cat named Savannah on April 7, 1986. Franks’ Savannah attracted the attention of Patrick Kelly who pushes one of Savannahs kittens in 1989 Kelly was the first enthusiast who worked toward establishing a new domestic breed . He approached many Serval breeders to help to develop this new breed and finally garnered the help of breeder Joyce Sroufe to work with him in taking the steps he needed to get the breed recognized. In 1996 Patrick Kelley and Joyce Sroufe wrote the original version of the Savannah breed standard and presented it to the I. C. A in 01 the board accepted the breed as a new type of Cat. 010 brought a significant event for the breed when the first female F1 Savannah was born and bred in the UK by Rosanne Boyle of Hotspotexotics name â€Å"Amazing Grace she was registered with the I. C. A from 06 the breed has seen significant growth throughout the UK as a result the breed of being so well received. As Savannahs are produced by crossbreeding Servals and domestic cats, each generation of Savannahs is marked with a filial number. For example, the cats produced directly from a Serval/domestic Cat cross are the, and they are 50% serval. F1 generation Savannahs are very difficult to produce, due to the significant difference in gestation periods between the Serval and a domestic cat and sex chromosomes. Servals can be very picky in choosing mates, and often will not mate with a domestic cat. Females of the F1-F3 generation are usually held back for breeding, with only the males being offered as pets. The reverse occurs when you reach F5-F7 generation, but to a lesser degree, with the males being held as breeding cats, and females primarily offered as pets Physical features Savannah Cats are one of the larger breeds of cats. The Savannahs tall and skinny appearance makes it look a great deal bigger than it actually weighs. Size varies on the gender and generation male Savannahs are usually bigger and weigh more than females. Because of random factors in Savannah hybrid genetics there can be different changes in size even in one litter. The coat of a Savannah depends a lot on what breed of domestic cars is used for the cross earlier generation have some form of dark spotting on a lighter coat early breeders used words like â€Å"Wild† to describe it. sing spotted breeds such as the Bengal and Egyptian Mau for the cross will preserve the very few Savannahs that look like they did in earlier Generations. Some of the colors include (cool to warm brown, tan or gold with black or dark brown spots), silver spotted tabby (silver coat with black or dark grey spots), black (black with black spots), and black smoke (black tipped silver wit h black spots) in additions the Savannah can come in unusual color variations such as the classic or marble patterns or snow coloration and blue or other thinner colors from domestic sources. Most breeders are trying to cull these unusual colors out of the gen pool by selling unusual colored cats as pets but some Savannah Breeders are interested in working with the colors to introduce them as new traits The overall look of the Savannah Cat depends greatly on generation the older generations often have a more wild look the domestic breed that is used influences the appearance as well the domestic out crosses for the Savannah breed that are permissible in the ICA are Egyptian Mau the Ociat the Oriental Shorthair and the Domestic Shorthair. In addition some Savannah breeders are non permit able breeds such as the Bengal for size or the Maine Coon cats for size for the domestic parentage but these non permit able outcrosses can bring many unwanted genes as well Outcrosses are rarely used these days at there are now many fertile males available and as well most breeders are exclusively doing Savannah to Savannah breeding. A Savannahs wild look depends mostly on the generation of the cat. The body of Savannahs are long and leggy when a Savannah is standing, their hind end is often higher than they’re neck the back of their ears have a central light band bordered by the black, dark gray or brown giving an eye like effect the short tail has black rings with a solid black tip the eyes are blue as a kitten and may be green brown gold or blended shad as an adult. The eyes have a boomerang shape with a hooded brow to protect from harsh sunlight. The Savannah cats behavior Savannahs are commonly compared to dogs in their loyalty, and they will follow their owners around the house like a canine. They can also be trained to walk on a leash, and even fetch. Some Savannahs are reported to be very social and friendly with new people and with other cats and dogs, while others may run and hide or revert to hissing and growling when seeing a stranger. Exposure to other people and pets is most likely the key factor in sociability as the Savannah kitten grows up. Owners of Savannahs say that they are very impressed with the animal intelligence of this breed of cat. An often-noted trait of the Savannah is its jumping ability. Savannahs are known to jump up on top of doors, refrigerators and high cabinets. Some Savannahs can leap about 8 feet (2. 5 m) high from a standing position. Savannahs are very inquisitive, and have been known to get into all sorts of things. They often learn how to open doors and cupboards, and owners of a Savannah will likely need to take special precautions to prevent the cat from getting into things. Many Savannah cats do not fear water, and will play or even immerse themselves in water. Some owners even shower with their Savannah cats. Presenting a water bowl to a Savannah may also prove a challenge, as some will promptly begin to bat all the water out of the bowl until it is empty, using their front paws. Another quirk Savannahs have is to fluff out the base of their tail in a greeting gesture. This is not to be confused with the fluffing of fur along the back and full length of the tail in fear. Savannahs will also often flick or wag their tails in excitement or pleasure. Vocally, Savannahs may either chirp like their Serval fathers, meow like their domestic mothers, or do both, sometimes producing sounds which are a mixture of the two. Chirping is observed more often in earlier generations. Savannahs may also hiss- a Serval-like hiss quite different from a domestic cats hiss, sounding more like a very loud snake. It can be alarming to humans not acquainted to such a sound coming from a cat. Health considerations Different individuals contain different amounts of Serval and of varied domestic cat breeds, and there are currently no established Savannah breed-specific health issues. Some veterinarians have noted that Servals have smaller livers relative to their body size than domestic cats, and some Savannahs inherit this. For this reason, care is advised in prescribing some medications. Lower doses per weight of the cat may be necessary. In addition, the blood values of Savannahs may vary from the typical domestic cat, due to the serval genes. There is anecdotal evidence, though no completed scientific studies, that Savannahs and other domestic hybrids (such as Bengals) do not respond well to anesthesia containing Ketamine Many Savannah breeders request in their contracts that Ketamine not be used for surgeries] Some (but not all) Savannah breeders believe strongly that modified live vaccines should not be used on Savannahs, that only killed virus vaccines should be used. Others are the complete opposite, having had poor reactions to killed vaccines, and no vaccine reaction (lethargy, illness, etc. ) to the modified live vaccines. This, also, has not been studied, and opinions vary widely from breeder to breeder Some breeders state that Savannah cats have no known special care or food requirements, while others recommend a very high quality diet with no grains or by-products. Some recommend a partial or complete raw feeding/raw food diet with at least 32% protein and no by-products. Some Savannah breeders recommend calcium and other supplements, especially for growing cats and earlier generations. Others consider it unnecessary, or even harmful. Most Savannah breeders agree that Savannahs have a need for more taurine than the average domestic cat, and therefore recommend taurine supplement which can be added to any food type. Laws and Regulations Laws governing ownership of Savannah cats in the United States vary according to state. The majority of states follow the code set by the United States Department of Agriculture, which defines wild or domesticated hybrid crosses as domesticated. Some states have set more restrictive laws on hybrid cat ownership, including Hawaii, Massachusetts, and Georgia. Some cities may have laws that differ from the state. For example, Savannahs more than five generations from the serval are allowed to be owned in New York state, but not in the city of New York. [9] The Australian Federal government has banned the importation into Australia of the Savannah cat, as the larger cats could potentially threaten species of the countrys native wildlife not threatened by smaller domestic cats.

Anti LGBT law Essays

Anti LGBT law Essays Anti LGBT law Essay Anti LGBT law Essay LGBT youth as well as young adults are predisposed to more health concerns than heterosexual youth and young adults. A study by Ayalon and Alvidrez (2007, p.1326) revealed that there are many cases of HIV diagnoses among gays below 25 years of age who come from racial and ethnic minority communities. This study concluded that risk factors for mental health challenges and involvement in drug and substance abuse are more evident among LGBT youth than their heterosexual counterparts. The National Institute of Health (NIH) (2013, p.5) posits that these risk factors include victimization, violence, harassment, and homelessness that make the youth and young adults in LGBT communities vulnerable. North CarolinaAnti LGBT Law In March 2016, the Governor of North Carolina, Pat McCrory, signed a law that requires citizens to use multi-stall bathrooms based on their birth certificates at various institutions such as schools, universities, and state agencies. This law is against the interests of the LGBT population because it compels transgender people to use rooms designated for women (Kopan Scott, 2016, p.1). According to the law, sexual orientation as well as gender identity can neither be used as the premise for the protection of people by local measures nor compel businesses to offer high minimum wages or paid sick leave. The law prohibits workers to file suit in the state courts against discrimination on the grounds of religion, color, age, handicap, race, national origin, and sex. Instead, it requires people to file their complaints to the State Commission. Elsewhere, in Harris County, Texas, a new inmate policy came to effect in 2013. The policy seeks to protect and guarantee LGBT inmates equal treat ment (Weaver, 2013). For example, the policy allows transgender people to choose their preferred gender and not biological sex as the basis for their provision of housing. References Ayalon, L., Alvidrez, J. (2007). The experience of black consumers in the mental health systemidentifying barriers to and facilitators of mental health treatment using the consumers perspective, Issues in mental health nursing, 28(12), 1323-1340 NIH (2013). Consideration of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) ;;report on the health of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals, Retrieved from https://report.nih.gov/UploadDocs/LGBT%20Health%20Report_FINAL_2013-01-03-508%20compliant.pdf Weaver, L. (2013). Harris County announces Trans-inclusive Housing Policy in Its Jails. Human Rights Campaign. Aguilar-Gaxiola, S., Loera, G., Mendez, L., Sala, M., ; Nakamoto, J. (2012). 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Therapist say African Americans are increasingly seeking help for mental illness. The Washington Post. Bridges, A. J., Andrews III, A. R., Villalobos, B. T., Pastrana, F. A., Cavell, T. A., Gomez, D. (2014). Does integrated behavioral health care reduce mental health disparities for Latinos? Initial findings. Journal of Latina/o psychology, 2(1), 37. Burns J. (2013). Mental health and inequity: A human rights approach to inequity, discrimination, and mental disability. Health and Human Rights Journal.11(2). Cook, J., Leff, H., Blyler, C., Gold, P., Goldberg, R., Mueser, K., et al. (2005). Results of a multisite randomized trial of supported employment interventions for individuals with severe mental illness. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62(5), 505512. Davey G. (2013). Mental Health and Stigma. Psychology Today. Davis, K. (2012). 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Lifetime and 12-month Prevalence of DSM-III-R Psychiatric Disorders in the United States: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey. Archives of General Psychiatry, 51(1), 8-19. Kramer E., Francis G., (2009). I am not crazy. p 9. Lutterman T., Fiscal Year (2010). Revenues and Expenditure Study Results. SMHA Revenues and Expenditures Data Collection 2012, pdf. Macmadu A., Rich J. (2015). Correctional Health is Community Health. Issues in Science and Technology.32(1). Massetti G., (2016). Preventing Violence Among High-Risk Youth and Communities with Economic, Policy and Structural Strategies. Center for Disease Control and Prevention Report/Supplements. 65(1):57-60. McLaughlin, K. A., (2010). Hatzenbuehler ML, Keyes KM. Responses to discrimination and psychiatric disorders among black, Hispanic, female, and lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals. Am J Public Health. 100(8):1477-84. Mental and Behavioral Health. (2015). Options and opportunities for Minnesota. Minnesota Hospital Association. Minnesota Telemedicine Act (SF 981/HF 1246. (2015). Minnesota Hospital Association. National Institutes of Health. (2013). Consideration of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) report on the health of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals. Retrieved from https://report.nih.gov/UploadDocs/LGBT%20Health%20Report_FINAL_2013-01-03-508%20compliant.pdf Rowings, K. (2015). Addressing mental Illness and Medical Conditions in County Jails: King County, WA. National Association of Counties . Ryan, C., Neil, K. (2015). The Integration for Mental Health, Substance Abuse, and Other Behavioral Health Conditions into Primary Care: Executive Summary of an American College of Physicians Position Paper. Annals of Internal Medicine.163(4):298-299. Sarteschi, C. M. (2013). Mentally ill offenders involved with the US criminal justice system. Sage open, 3(3), 2158244013497029. Poulin, S. R., Maguire, M., Metraux, S., Culhane, D. P. (2010). Service use and costs for persons experiencing chronic homelessness in Philadelphia: a population-based study. Psychiatric Services, 61(11), 1093-1098. Simon, C. (2015). There is a stunning gap between the number of black and white inmates in Americas prison. Business insider . State Legislation Report. (2015). National Alliance on Mental Illness. Swanson, J., Swartz, M., Gilbert, A., Frisman, L., Lin, H. J., Rodis, E., Domino, M. (2011). Costs of criminal justice involvement among persons with severe mental illness in Connecticut. Final Report Submitted to Eli Lilly Co. Swanson, J. W., McGinty, E. E., Fazel, S., Mays, V. M. (2015). Mental illness and reduction of gun violence and suicide: bringing epidemiologic research to policy. Annals of epidemiology, 25(5), 366-376. Thompson, J. (2016). Mental Health Month Provides Opportunity to Break Down Mental Health Stigma for Latino Community. CalMHSA. Underwood, L. A., Washington, A. (2016). Mental illness and juvenile offenders. International journal of environmental research and public health, 13(2), 228. Weaver, L. (2013). Harris County announces Trans-inclusive Housing Policy in Its Jails. Human Rights Campaign . Joel E. Miller, et al., Nov. 2012. The Waterfall Effect: Transforming the Cascading Impact of Medicaid Expansion on States, National Association of State Mental Health Program Directors. White House. (Jan. 16, 2013). Now is the Time; the presidents plan to protect our children and our communities by reducing gun violence. White House. Grissom, B (May 18, 2013) With Consensus and Money, State Takes on Mental Health Care. Buchanan, W. (June, 27 2013) Governor Brown Proudly Signs Balanced Budget. 34. Gray, CD (Jul. 3, 2013) House Passes. Kopan, T., Scott, E. (2016, March 24). North Carolina governor signs controversial transgender bill. CNN. Retrieved from http://edition.cnn.com/2016/03/23/politics/north-carolina-gender-bathrooms-bill/

Final Exam Essay Questions Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Final Exam Questions - Essay Example For example, a Dominican friar Montesinos criticized the Spanish authorities on the way they mistreated their subjects, especially the American Natives. This criticism provoked the authorities to amend parts of the Laws id Burgos. In general, more criticism of the way colonialists treated the natives caused the some sort of rebellion among the church leaders, who took interests in demanding to be included in the state administration. The establishment of the first Catholic Church in Philippines in 1521 saw the beginning of a church led governments. This was later followed by the arrival of Franciscan missionaries in Mexico, where they established their presence through direct association with Catholic Church by building missionary schools and hospitals. In England, the church played critical role in establishment of the marriage laws, particularly after Henry VIII annulled his marriage. This was after the mainstream Catholic Church was perceived too rigid to understand the people’s needs and desires. For example, the Catholic Church had tried to impose strict sexual mores on ordinary people (Sherman and Joyce 121). The Catholic Church grew unpopular, and Church of England started to offer a worthy alternative. Although they started off with very few followers, the Church of England grew faster than anticipated. Although there were increased lamentation about Catholic headed institutions’ continued traditional ways of doing things, they exerted a lot of authorities over these institutions that spread the education of the masses and establishment of the elite society with highly educated society. However, this influence has since waned as the Catholic Church strived to assert its own identity away from state. This journey started when Pope Pius XI started cutting links with the Government of Italy (Sherman and Joyce 173). Today, most of the states

Fabrication of a Reinforced Concrete Beam Lab Report

Fabrication of a Reinforced Concrete Beam - Lab Report Example Thirdly this gives sufficient space for the main reinforcement to develop full stressing and strength, which consequently prevents slipping of the bars. Lastly a sufficient cover gives a smooth surface which improves the aesthetics of the component as well. 3. 4. Bar codes are on the schedule so that the reader must understand that how the steel bar is is to be bended and what angles and shapes are to be made. In addition to this the reader can easily calculate the length of the bar, and consequently by using the diameter and the type of bar the total weight of the bar can be calculated and finally the total weight of the reinforcement. 5. The cover can be maintained by different methods. One method can be made by placing Metal plastic tipped bar chairs under the reinforcement so that a specified height can be maintained between the bottom surface and reinforcement. Then another method is to give spacer blocks, these can be small marble pieces or concrete plates. Another method used for very heavy reinforcement is the employment of Plastic strip bar chairs. 6. a) coarse aggregate = 122.4 Kg b) fine aggregate = 81.6 Kg c) cement = 40 Kg d) water = 22 Kg 7. Water cement ratio of the concrete is (weight of water / weight of cement ) is w/c = 22/40 = 0.55 SSD or saturated surface dry is a condition of the aggregate when all the surface pores of aggregate are fully filled and there is no excess water on its surface. In addition no more water will be absorbed by the aggregate when immersed in water. This aspect is important because if the aggregate is not saturated then it will start absorbing the water of the concrete which was supposed to be consumed in the hydration of the concrete. If there is less water in the concrete than required the concrete will not acquire the desired strength and the concrete will have microscopic cracks further weakening the concrete and this will also disturb the desired water cement ratio. Then this state helps in finding the absorptio n value of aggregates and also the specific gravity of aggregate. Lastly the aggregate must be saturated surface dry as the dry surface will help and ensure a good bond between the concrete and aggregate. 8. A clean beam form is important because presence of any loose material will attach on the surface of the beam and when the beam is subjected to bending the concrete around this loose material and the loose material it self will spall off. Hence the cover would be compromised and there is a chance that the steel reinforced will be naked and prone to environment resulting into its rusting and corrosion. 9. The indication of completion of the compaction is that the firstly there is no decrease/ decay in volume or height of the concrete and the movement of aggregates due to vibration in the concrete will very low. In addition the final indication is that the water will come on the surface of the concrete and it must be noted that as soon as the water film appears on the surface of th e concrete the vibrator must be pulled out of the concrete or else the concrete will segregate, resulting into separation of cement paste and aggregate. 10. The compaction of concrete is very important for its acquisition of desired strength, In essence compaction is the process in which the entrapped air is released from the

Communication Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Communication - Assignment Example Dr. Stern proposes opposite view by advocating the marriage institute. She delivers authentic reports from reliable sources Such as Harris polls report. Both of them are very much accurate in providing factual information about traditional and non-traditional marriages in America. Observation comes under the category of qualitative research whereas inference is more associated with quantitative research. Both of their points have a strong platform of observations and inferences. The observation of Prof. Weiss is presented through the example of Adam & Rachael, a couple living together without marriage. The insurance company denied combined policy to them just because they were not married couple. Weiss advocates the theory of individualism with this example, and further points out the same traditional values applied in changing circumstances. The inference is presented by him with legal system of America, Germany and Netherlands. When Dr. Stern propagates her viewpoints, her arguments also are supported by strong evidences and observations. Through her observations she talks about the adverse effect of domestic partnership of society. She also gives the authentic report of Harris Poll about same sex marriages. (57% Americans are against same sex marriage) First person is Prof. Weiss. His observation is based on the case study of a couple living together without marriage and how the law and social system do not legalize their relationship. Second persons observation is naturalistic which is based on the behavioural pattern of individual in natural context. The arguments propounded by both speakers come under deductive arguments. A deductive argument is intended by the arguer to be valid. It provides an assurance of truth in its conclusion. The conclusion made by the two speakers is very strong which has a strong base of evidences of observations and inferences. Prof. Weiss has an

Panera Bread Business Strategies Essay Example for Free

Panera Bread Business Strategies Essay â€Å"Thirty years ago, Ron Shaich set out to change the world by changing the way America eats. He’s done that with not one, but two successful restaurant brands. By co-founding Au Bon Pain, Co. Inc. and founding Pan-era Bread, Shaich shook up the industry by offering an antithesis to fast food – hand made, artisan food served in warm and welcoming environments by people you can trust. †(KANAI, 2012) This quote describes how Shaich and colleagues started to create their cafe bakery and change the way Americans eat. Pan-era was the first to come out with the calories on the menu board to ensure that Americans were aware of how healthy Pan-era was and the intention to re maim forthcoming about what was in the food we eat. Shaich and his colleagues did not follow the six step process they focused on the four areas food, setting, customers, and the workforce which made sense for capitalism. Shaich also thrived to make sure the customers and employees were well taken care of because they also played a big role in the success of Pan-era and lets not forget to acknowledge the community and their involvement in the success. Conscious Capitalism is an expression of how Shaich has found success in the restaurant industry if the whole society and corporate society would think of themselves as a corporation things would be better for everyone. Shaich is able to offer a word of advice if you were to get involved with conscious capitalism â€Å"Believe in yourself and why you got into it. Believe in those things that attracted you to the industry which makes a big difference in the lives of our guests. (ROMEO, 2012) For many years Pan-era has focused on the principal of conscious capitalism or what they like to call â€Å" enlightened -self interest† in two ways by delivering value to customers, vendors , employees, investors, and the community and to focus on a higher purpose above and beyond short term results. Meaning providing our customers with the artisan bread , delicious and nutritional food on a daily basis. Then Shaich and all his colleagues wanted to know how to challenge conscious capitalism and they figured out somethings that they are already doing like donating the day old bread to homeless.

From James Joyces Stephen Hero to After The Race - Blending Narrator

From James Joyce's Stephen Hero to "After The Race" - Blending Narrator and Character James Joyce's fragment of a novel, Stephen Hero, leaves the reader little room to interpret the text for themselves. The work lacks the narrative distance that Joyce achieves in his later works. Dubliners, a work Joyce was writing concurrently, seemingly employs a drastically different voice. A voice which leaves the reader room to make judgments of their own. Yet it is curious that Joyce could produce these two works at the same time, one that controls the reader so directly, telling not showing , while the other, Dubliners, seems to give the reader the power of final interpretation over the characters it portrays. By changing voice from a narrator who tells the reader to a narrator who shows the reader in Dubliners, Joyce has seemingly relinquished considerable control over his vision of Dublin. However, Joyce's change of narrator yields him alternative forms of authorial sovereignty. In fact, Joyce guides the reader in a much more powerful way in Dubliners; without the reader's knowledge. Through quick shifts in point of view and interjections that seem to be the voice of a character, yet are not directly linked to it, Joyce controls the stories in Dubliners more subtly and with more effect than the bold declarations in Stephen Hero ever do. In her essay "'Oh She's A Nice Lady!'": A Rereading of "A Mother" Jane E. Miller addresses the issue of judgment in the story. Although told in an aloof and anonymous third-person, the narrativeis always shifting, almost imperceptibly, from an objective stance to less neutral observations which, because of their perspective or particular choice of words, appear to be those of Mrs. Kearney. (Miller,... ...f him in the narration. These interjections in "After the Race" are not the complete rupture of objectivity that they are in Stephen Hero. Still, the effect is much the same. They channel the reader rather than tell the reader how to judge. They offer the reader a guide to the reading of "After the Race" in much the same way a legend acts for a map. This is not to say that phrases like this operate in every story of Dubliners as they do here. But in the story "After the Race" they give the reader "important directions for reading" much like the narrative language does in "A Mother". In addition, these phrases seem to be a much more polished version of the blunt preaching Joyce does in Stephen Hero. They operate on the reader subtly, blending the voice of character and narrator to produce a guide to the reading, not a usurpation of, as in Stephen Hero, the text.

African Americans in Pop Culture Essay

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Banning Guns Is Not the Answer: Gun Control Is

Banning Guns Is Not the Answer: Gun Control Is Gun control is and has been a controversial issue for many years. Many American citizens believe that if gun control is strictly enforced it would quickly reduce the threat of crime. Some people believe that gun control is a plot to take away guns. Other People state they would not be able to hunt. Many citizens want to be able to protect their home or family. The Second amendment grants Americans the right to bear arms. Many people believe that with gun control it would be harder for dangerous people to get guns. Gun control may lead to mutual agreement. As an American you have the right to bear arms. But not everyone should have the right to own a gun. In order to clearly understand why some gun control may be the answer it is important to understand the history of gun control. Many gun control activists believe that the solution is simple; ban all guns and there won’t be any crimes committed with guns. This solution seems to be simple and could quickly be implemented. There are a lot of people that know this would never work. Criminals appear to have the association to sleazy persons to get guns. A criminal does not care if the crime he or she is committing is with an illegal weapon or not. The criminal is already committing a crime, having an illegal weapon is not going to encourage or discourage the action of the criminal. A majority of crimes committed with guns are committed with illegally bought firearms. If the law were to ban guns completely the only people that would not have guns are the laws abiding citizens who want to protect themselves. The U. S. Department of Justice reported in 1992 offenders armed with handguns committed a record 931,000 violent crimes. Handgun crimes accounted for about 13% of all violent crimes. From 1987 to 1992 victims reported an annual average of about 341,000 incidents of firearm theft. Enforcing gun banishing is not going to have an effect on the crime rate, because it will not keep criminals from purchasing or stealing weapons. If guns are outlawed, only outlaws will have guns. Many people say the government is plotting to take away guns. That statement is a chant by extremist. Research found this was opinion only and bore no valid facts. Unfortunately these types of people do get attention. However, one must keep in mind that there are radicals on both sides of the picture. While on group states taking away our guns is a overnment plot, the other group believes these people are plotting to kill Americans. Until the middle of the 20th century, most constitutional scholars held a Collective Rights position. They believed that the Second Amendment only protects the collective right of the states to maintain armed militias. This is regarded as the liberal stance. Conserv ative scholars hold an Individual Rights position. They believe that the Second Amendment also grants an individual's right to own guns as personal, private property, and that many restrictions on buying and carrying guns unconstitutionally impede individual rights. The National Rifle Association (NRA)’s mission is the protection of the Second Amendment of the United States Bill of Rights. The NRA also promotes firearm ownership rights marksmanship, firearm safety, the protection of hunting, and self-defense in the United States. The NRA has many supporters (lawyers, politicians, actors †¦) that work to ensure people the right to be able to hunt and that Citizens will be able to protect their home and family. The NRA actively supports the second amendment. The Second amendment grants Americans the right to bear arms. The Second Amendment reads: â€Å"A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a Free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed. † There are many lawsuits that have been filed against the second amendment. Not many of the cases against the second amendment have been won. Many key acts have been produced. The history of gun control is important to understand. While many disagree with gun control it is obvious why there is some type of gun control needed. Listed are Acts that have been passed in respect to gun control: †¢In 1934 the â€Å"National Firearms Act† was passed. This law imposed a tax on the sale of machine guns and short-barrel firearms. This law was initiated in reaction to public rage over gangster activity. The main reason for this act was to stop American gangsters who were members of a crime syndicate organizations dedicated to smuggling and bootlegging of liquor and other illegal activities during the Prohibition Era of the 1920s and 1930s. †¢In 1938 the â€Å"Federal Firearms Act† required licensing of gun dealers. †¢The assassinations of John F. and Robert Kennedy and Martin Luther King, Jr brought political focus on U. S. gun control laws. In 1968 the â€Å"Gun Control Act† expanded laws to include licensing and record-keeping; banned felons and the mentally ill from buying guns; and banned the mail order sale of guns. †¢In 1993 Brady Bill implemented the creation of a system to complete background checks to help prohibit domestic violence. †¢In 1972 â€Å"The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms† was created to oversee federal regulation of guns. †¢1986 the â€Å"Firearms Owners Protection Act† eased some gun sale restrictions, reflecting the growing influence of the NRA under President Reagan. In 1993 the â€Å"Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act requires gun dealers to run background checks on purchasers. This Act establishes a national database of prohibited gun owners. †¢In 1994 the â€Å"Violent Crime Control Act† banned the sale of new assault weapons for ten years. The Act was sponsored by Sen. Dianne Feinstein (D-CA) and Rep. Carolyn Mc Carthy (D-NY), However, the Republican-led Congress allowed the law expire in 2004. †¢In 2003 the â€Å"Tiahrt Amendment† protects gun dealers and manufacturers from certain lawsuits. †¢In 2007 the National Instant Criminal Background Check System was initiated. Congress was able to close loopholes in the national database after the mass shooting at Virginia Tech University. Banning guns is not the answer. As Americans, our forefathers created the second amendment for a reason. Times have not changed enough that we can completely feel safe in our homes. Many people believe that by banning guns it would be harder for dangerous people to get guns. But the fact is criminals will still be able to acquire guns. Banning of guns, as shown above by the U. S. Department of Justice, would not reduce crime. Hunters do have the right to hunt for food and pleasure. Americans do have the right to protect their home and family. As an American you have the right to bear arms. But not everyone should have the right to own a gun. Gun control, not banning of guns needs to be the answer. Reference: U. S. Department of Justice, http://www. ojp. usdoj. gov/bjs/guns. htm, accessed 29-11-2009. US Liberals, Pros and Cons, http://usliberals. about. com/od/patriotactcivilrights/i/ProConGunLaws. htm, 28-11-2009. National Rifle Association, http://home. nra. org/#/home, 29 11 2009.

Sir Sanford Fleming essays

Sir Sanford Fleming essays Sir Sandford Fleming was born on January 7 , 1827 in Kirkcaldy, Scotland. At the age of only 14 Sandford Fleming was a student learning the trade of engineering and surveying from John Sang. On April 24, 1845 Sandford Fleming at only the age of 17 years immigrated into Upper Canada with his brother and cousin. When they arrived to Upper Canada they settled in Peterborough. Richard Birdsall a surveyor then hired Sanford Fleming. Later on Fleming worked with John Stoughton Dennis another surveyor in Weston, so that he could be recertified to be a surveyor, which was a requirement of the Dominion Government. To help generate income before Fleming got his certificate he made maps of Peterborough, Hamilton, Cobourg, and Toronto. Then in 1851 Fleming invented Canadas first stamp. The stamp, which was, called the Threepenny Beaver. In 1852 the Northern Railroad hired Fleming as an assistant engineer. The Northern Railroad was being built to Georgian Bay from Toronto. Fleming and his boss Cumberland did not really get along to well, and in 1855 Cumberland fired Fleming from the Northern Railroad. In 1863 Fleming was hired to survey a route for the Intercolonial Railway. This railway was to connect the Maritimes with the Province of Canada. Fleming was hired as chief engineer of the Intercolonial Railroad. Fleming remained chief engineer of the Railroad until it was completed in 1876. But during the year of 1871 Fleming was appointed the chief engineer of the Canadian Pacific Railway. The CPR was to go all the way through Canada to the Pacific coast. Fleming thought that it would be ideal if he was to survey the land to the Pacific coast to find a suitable route. Then in 1880 Sir Charles Tupper, who was the minister of railways and canals, dismissed Fleming. Sir Charles Tupper dismissed Fleming due to him being considered a political liability be ...

The Social Brain essays

The Social Brain essays The ability of humans to learn and retain knowledge is an incredible power source and also a dominant characteristic of the human species. The intricate abilities of the mind allow for humans to learn skills and to have the power to control and dominate the world they live in by means of learned behavior. The two cerebral hemispheres of the left and right specialize in motor and sensory skills which specialize the socialy established beliefs and behaviors unique to humans. In writing The Social Brain Michael Gazzaniga proclaims an understanding of the principle of both the right and left brain hemispheres by examining split brain patients. Gazzaniga believes in cognitive dissidence and studies the modularity of the brain structure. The modularity is the independent functional traits that contribute to the skills and tools of language and writing. The contribution of individual modules is evident in the perception of a human belief system and the evolution of the sophisticated civil ized life of a human being. The two cerebral sides of the brain operate with their own selective areas of domination, but depend on eachother for reference, information, and influence which yields continuation of human evolution of increasing brain activities. Michael Gazzaniga writes chronologically as he studies the aspects of a split brain and the distinct behavior that humans have developed unique cognitive styles and the brain modules allow them for infer and differentiate . Gazzaniga believes that the free will of humans allows the species to choose and control their environment. The progress of his studies of the split brain, is by isolating the separate hemispheres to see if one influences the other. The interests of his studies of the effect of the sensory abilities of both the right and left hemisphere takes him around the world. The course of the book covers the studies of a lifetime from an inquiring student about the possibilit...